Polycythemia vera (PV) is a rare blood disorder in which people experience an increase in the production of blood cells, particularly red blood cells (RBCs). The higher level of these cells leads to the thickening of the blood. When that happens, one’s tissues or organs get damaged, putting the person at a higher risk for strokes and other complications. Doctors may prescribe FDA-approved Jakafi, besides other treatments, for adult patients with this condition.

Disease symptoms and progression
As polycythemia vera increases the number of blood cells, blood flow begins to slow down, putting the patient at an increased risk of heart attacks, strokes, and blood clot formation. Individuals might experience symptoms like ringing in the ears , skin itchiness, abdominal pain, blurred or double vision, and nose bleeds.

If ignored, the condition can increase the risk of secondary complications like kidney stones, painful arthritis, and gout. These problems occur because excess blood cells raise the kidney’s uric acid levels. Other complications include stomach ulcers, which can lead to peptic ulcer disease.

About Jakafi
The first FDA-approved prescription treatment for individuals with polycythemia vera, Jakafi, contains an ingredient called ruxolitinib. It is a targeted treatment that doctors can prescribe to help control and manage the increased blood cell production caused by damage to the bone marrow. While Jakafi is useful in fighting the condition, it can only be prescribed to individuals who have already used hydroxyurea (HU) but have not responded well. It is important to note that the treatment is not the same as chemotherapy.

Working
While the exact cause of polycythemia vera is still being researched, available data indicates a protein known as JAK plays a role. These proteins send a signal that tells the bone marrow that more blood cells need to be produced. The overactive function of the JAK proteins can be caused by genetic mutation, but there might also be other reasons. Jakafi targets the JAK proteins, thus controlling the number of blood cells produced by the bone marrow.

Benefits
Increased blood cell production can put pressure on the spleen, causing it to work harder than normal and enlarging it. Jakafi is useful because it helps shrink the enlarged spleen in some individuals.

Another benefit of this treatment is that it helps reduce the percentage volume of RBCs in the body, also known as hematocrit levels. When Jakafi was being studied and tested, researchers found that, after a few months, 60% of individuals using it were able to maintain their hematocrit levels. The treatment showed promising results without the help of other therapies.

Individuals should consult a healthcare provider about the benefits and potential role of Jakafi in their treatment regimen. Before prescribing it, the doctor will consider the patient’s health history, ongoing treatments, and other existing concerns. The expert will also assess the patient’s blood reports.